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Database: OncoBase

About 95% of somatic mutations in most cancers are located in noncoding regions, some of which have been identified as putative driver mutations. Interestingly, the noncoding regions (~98% of human genome) contain lots of functional elements based on one dimension (1D) epigenomic profiles (like ENCODE and RoadMap epigenomics). Furthermore, integrating three dimension (3D) spatial long-range interactions data sets (like Hi-C-Seq, ChIA-PET) can build accurate enhancer-promoter pairs. Therefore, integrating somatic noncoding mutations with 1D coordinated epigenomic profiles and 3D long-range interactions in specific tissue/cell type will provide a promising direction to fine-map the causal regulatory variants and understand the underlying regulatory mechanism in human cancer development.

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